In order to determine the desirability based on the qualitative and quantitative traits of the fruit, 11 cultivars of apple spore type along with control cultivar Golden Delicious were used. These cultivars were evaluated in Kamalshahr Horticultural Research Station of Karaj during two crop years (2011–2012) in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications and fruit related traits including fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit firmness, acidity percentage, TSS, fruit yield, fruit–set % and number of fruits per tree were recorded during two years. Combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of year was significant only for fruit diameter and fruit weight at the probability level of 5 % (P≤0.05). The effect of cultivar on all traits, except fruit–set %, was significant at the probability level of 1% (P≤0.01). The highest fruit yield was observed in Yellowspur cultivar with a value of 23.39 kg per tree. Using specific scores as the weight of traits, adjusted selection index of ideal genotype (ASIIG) was calculated and it was observed that Yellowspur cultivar with an index value of 78.16 % similar to the ideal genotype has the highest desirability among the cultivars and Yellowspur along with Golden Smoothie and Deliciousspur cultivars were more desirable than Golden Delicious cultivar. The graphs obtained from the adjusted selection index of ideal genotype with appropriate grouping of experimental cultivars identified only Yellow spur cultivar as a completely desirable cultivar.

Multi-trait selection has been employed by plant breeders (based upon complex quantitative traits) for increasing economic value in a population. Index selection is one of the most effective methods for improving grain yield as well as its associated traits. In this study, an F3 population consisting of 117 lines derived from a cross between two Iranian rice cultivars, Hashemi and Kadous, were evaluated to find a suitable selection index. The number of days to maturity (MD), plant height (PH), panicle length (PL), flag leaf length (FL), flag leaf width (FW), number of panicles per plant (PP), number of grains per panicle (GP), number of spike lets per panicle (SP), 100-grain weight (GW), grain yield per plant (GY), biomass (8M), harvest index (HI), grain length (GL) and grain breadth (G8) were assessed while twenty different selection indices being calculated based on optimum as well as base indices. The results indicated that selecting for 8M, HI, GP, GW and PP resulted in increased economic value in a population. Moreover, this study showed that both optimum and base indices would usually give the same genetic gain for all traits, but as the base index is much easier to be used in calculations and interpretations it is preferably recommended.

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate of the application of SIIG index in the phenotypic variation and selection barley promising lines with desirable grain yield and agronomic traits. Materials and Methods: A set of 107 pure lines in the non-repeating Augment design with four controls in three blocks were evaluated during of 2019-20 cropping year in the farm of Darab Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station. Results: The results of REML analysis showed that, the lowest heritability of traits was related to 1000-kernel weight (0. 417) and the highest heritability was related to days to maturity and days to flowering (0. 891 and 0. 887), respectively. The results of SIIG index showed that lines 102 and 9 with the highest (0. 696) and lowest (0. 200) values of SIIG were the best and weakest lines in this study, respectively. In order to selecting the best lines in terms of grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, plant height, days to flowering and days to maturity, lines were grouped according to SIIG index in four categories. The results showed that the SIIG index could well classify genotypes based on two traits of grain yield and 1000-kernal weight. Conclusion: The results of grouping the lines according to the SIIG index showed all lines of group one and group two (except line 55) and lines number 13, 116, 29, 7, 77, 89 and 72 of Group three were the best in this study and can be considered for further testing, including compatibility testing.

Purpose: Managers are one of the important elements of an organization, for this reason, in order to draw the future of the organization, it is necessary for the planners to specify the conditions of their selection and appointment. Therefore, the current research has been done with the aim of identifying and analyzing the components of selecting future principals.Method: In this research, comparative and benchmarking method is used as a prospective approach. This approach is based on the belief that today's advanced organizations/countries can be considered as a model for the future of another organization/countries in their respective subjects. For this, first, the fields of comparison and benchmarking were determined using Brody's four-step comparison method; then the countries of Canada, Finland, Australia, South Africa, and Japan were selected according to the qualitative balance value in the international advanced TEAMS test, human development index, life quality index(health, instruction, and welfare), education quality index, and other scientific-scholarly indexes; finally, by extracting the criteria for the selection and appointment of principals through content analysis and comparison with Iran, the proposed framework for Iran has been presented.Findings: A total of 61 components for the selection of secondary school principals were identified from among the studies conducted in the selected countries in this article. By extracting the commonalities and differences of each of the components among the countries, it was found that the highest index of manager selection and appointment belongs to Japan and the lowest one is related to Finland.Conclusion: There are similarities between the components of selection of principals of secondary schools in Iran and selected countries. In Iran, special attention should be paid to important components such as adherence to religious principles, appropriate personality traits, creativity and innovation, motivation to develop capabilities, professional growth, power of supervision and accountability, social image, leader skills, and purposefulness and foresight.

Genetic diversity is key to breeding programs and increasing selection efficiency. In this study, 19 promising advanced lines (F7 generation) along with two cultivars, Dalgan and, RGS003 were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three experimental field stations (Gorgan, Sari and, Zabol) during the 2020–2021 growing season. The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations was found for number of lateral branches and number of pods per plant, respectively. The highest broad sense heritability was estimated for days to end of flowering, and days to start of flowering and the lowest broad sense heritability was estimated for the plant height. The genotypes G16, G18, G15, G1, G2, G5, and G20 with a higher SIIG values as well as a higher seed yield above average were introduced as superior genotypes with respect to yield and other agronomic traits. Therefore, these genotypes can be used for further testing, including adaptation tests. Also, the results of factor analysis and genetic correlation coefficients indicated a positive relationship between number of lateral branches, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod with seed yield and seed yield. Generally, it can be concluded that number of lateral branches, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod traits could be used as the appropriate criteria to select for increasing seed yield in rapeseed breeding programs.

Increasing the complexity of decision-making problems leads to utilize a group of experts instead of one expert for evaluating the contractor selection problem. This paper proposes a hesitant fuzzy preference selection index method based on risk preferences of experts. The hesitant fuzzy set is used to cope with the uncertainty in vague/hesitant situations.Also, the compromise solution is proposed to compute the weight of each expert. Moreover, the proposed approach considers the quantitative and qualitative criteria and also assists the experts to reduce margin of errors by assigning some membership degrees for each contractor versus each criterion under a set. In addition, the experts' judgments are aggregated in the last step of proposed approach in the group decision process to avoid the data loss. In the presented approach, selecting the best contractor is based on closest to positive ideal and farthest from negative ideal, simultaneously. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a case in construction industry for selecting the suitable contractor, in which the obtained results are compared with two decision methods from the recent literature to indicate the efficiency and validity of the proposed method.

This experiment was conducted in eight generations for investigation on effects of selection by index on economic-genetic trend in three economical traits in silkworm commercial lines currently is used at Iran.Genetic and economic improvement was estimated by heredity value average difference of individuals in two successive generations. Meanwhile economic efficiency for production system estimated by genetic improvement multiple economic values for each trait. From obtained results, the Xinhang1 line had the highest total economic- genetic improvement and Y line had the lowest total economic- genetic improvement. Curve of economic- genetic value was as sigmoid shape and its slope increased during third generation according to increase of selection accuracy. Shape of economic- genetic improvement was sinusoid plot. Curve peak in Xinhang1 and Koming1 were observed at fourth generation. From obtained results, it was showed selection index could improve lines performance.Therefore selection index must replace current method. The results of this research showed that the impact of use of selection of silkworm cocoon based on selection index, could lead to improvement in quality and quantity of cocoon, economic efficiency of production system and sericulture industry in Iran.